ANTI-BIOTICS CLASSIFICATION

                                       CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-BIOTICS

An antibiotic or antibiotic substance is asubstance produced by micro-organisms which has the capacity of inhibiting the growth or destroying the other micro-organisms.

                                                                   OR

Antibiotics is any substance which is produce by living organisams that is capable to inhibiting the growth or survival of one or more spicies of micro-organisam in low concentration.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF CLASSIFICATION:

1.Based on Chemical Structure=Sulfonamide--Quinolones--Beta Lactum e.t.c

2.Type of organisms=a.Bacteria   b.Fungal   c.Viral   d.Protozoa

3.Spectrum of activity=a. Narrow Spectrum b. Broad Spectrum

4.Intensity of action=a. Bacterio-static  b. Bacterio-cidal

5.Source of Antibiotics=a. Fungi b.Bacteria c. Actinomycetes

6.MOA=a. Cell wall(Destroy) b. Protein Synthesis(Inhibit) c.DNA Synthesis(Inhibit)

CLASSIFICATION :

ACCORDING TO MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY [BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE]

[I]BETA LACTUM ANTIBIOTICS:-

1.PENICILLINS

a.Penicillinase-succeptible penicillins:-

ex: Penicillin-G (Benzyl penicillin), Penicillin-V (Phenoxy Methyl penicillin)

b.Penicillinase-Resistant penicillins:-

ex: Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Floxacillin, Naficillin

c.Antipseudomonal Penicillins:-

ex: Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin

d.Uredopenicillin:-

ex: Mezlocillin, piperacillin

e.Miscellaneous:-

ex: Quinicillin, Amidino Penicillin, Azidocillin

2.BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS

ex: Clavulanate, Sulbactum, Tazobactum

3.CEPHALOSPORINS

I-generation

ex: Cefadroxil, Cefazilin, Cephaloridin, Cephalpthin, Cephradin

II-generation

ex: Cefuroxine, Cefoxitin, Cephamandol

III-generation

ex: Ceftizoxine, Cefotaxine, Ceftriaxone

IV-generation

ex: Cefepine, Cefpirome

Miscellaneous

ex: Sulfazecin, Aztreonum, Tigemonum

[II] AMINOGLYCOSIDE-ANTIBIOTICS:-

ex: Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamycin, Amikacin, Framycetin

[III] TETRACYCLINES

a.Natural tetracyclines:-

ex: Tetracyclines, Chlortetracyclines, Oxytetracyclines, Bromotetracyclines, Dexmethyl-tetracyclines, Dexmethyl-chlor-tetracyclines

b.Semi-synthetic tetracyclines:-

ex:Doxycycline, Methacycline, Meclocycline, Minocycline

c.Pro-tetracyclines(synthetic):-

ex: Rolitetracyclines, Lymecycline

[IV] MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS 

ex: Azithromycin, Erythromycin. Clarithromycin, Roxithromycin

[V] LINCOMYCINS

ex: Lincomycin, Clindamycin

[VI] OTHERS

ex: Chloramphenicol

ACCORDING TO PHARMACOLOGY 

CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT

[I]ANTI-CANCER DRUG: Use to kill/destroy cancer cell

1.Cytotoxic drug:-

ex: Cyclophosphamide

2.Drug acting hormone system:-

ex: Tamoxifen

[II] ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG: Use to kill Microbes

A. BASED ON SOURCE

Synthetic=Sulfonamide

Plant Derivrd= Quinine 

Antibiotics= Ciproflaxacin

B.BASED ON THE TYPE OF TARGETED MICRO-ORGANISAM

a.Antibactarial=Use to kill bacteria 

ex: Sulfanamide, Penicillins

b.Antivirals= Use in viral infections

ex:Acyclovir, Amantadine

c.Antifungal= Use in fungal infection 

ex: Fluconazole, Ketoconazole

d.Antiprotozoal= Use to treat Malaria/Amoebiasis/Giardiasis

ex:Chloroquine, Metronidazoles

e.Anthelmintics:

Albendazole

C.BASED ON SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY

a. Narrow Spectrum=Effective against small range of micro-organisams

ex: Penicillin-G

b.Broad spectrum= Effective against wide range of micro-organisams 

ex:Cephalosporins, Erythromycine

D.BASED ON THE INTSNSITY OF ACTON

a. Bacterio-cidal

ex: Penicillins, isoniacid, Cephalosporin, Aminoglycosides, Cotrimoxazole

b.Bacterio-static

ex:Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Lincomycin

E.BASED ON M.O.A 

a. Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

ex: Penicillin

b. Protein synthesis inhibitors 

ex: Aminoglycoside

c. Cell membrane leaks

ex: Ampoteticin-B

d. Transcription inhibitors 

ex: Rifampicin

e. Inhibitions of folate metabolism

ex: Sulfonamide

f. DNA gyrase inhibitors

ex: Ciprofloxacin

g. Inhibitors of DNA Template function

ex:Clofazimine

                                                     --THANK YOU--